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2007-12-10 20:08:13
  DynamipsGUI前身源于美国加利福尼亚一黑客的杰作,为此CISCO也是相当的不爽,当然这是后话了。后被小凡编写成为中国CISCO学习者,考CCNA、NP、IE必备的模拟软件,为大家省去了不少银子。
 
  好了不多说,下面我就来介绍DynamipsGUI 2.7的使用方法。
 
 
1
 

 
在图一中:
1:是有关路由、交换个数,型号等相关设置,依据试验要求设置不多做说明
2:
IOS文件:相关交换机、路由型号的镜像文件,须从网上下载(如下图)

IDLE-PC值:通过计算得出,如不计算,CPU利用率会轻松达到100%(如何计算在下面详细介绍)
 
3:
在DynamipsGUI目录下,新建一个子目录,此目录做放模拟器用
注:最好别用中文名
 
 
 
2

 
按CTRL+]+I取得idle-pc值,取数字最大的
 
 
 
3
实验工具:在虚拟机中完成,3台CISCO7200路由,2台3640交换,6台PC
实验要求:同时设置RIP、VLAN、Trunk、单臂路由
实验目的:不同网段的6台PC能相互PING通
 
动态路由RIP:能通过计算,适应网络结构变化,而不像静态路由要通过管理员修改其跳数。
 
 

 
 
 
 
R1
R1(config)#interface f1/0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0   设置IP
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#ip router
R1(config)#router rip         设置动态路由
R1(config-router)#version 2    使用的是V2版本          
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0       
R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#interface f0/0       设置单臂路由子借口
R1(config-if)#no sh           
R1(config-if)#      
R1(config-if)#interface f0/0.1
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1
R1(config-subif)#ip add 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#interface f0/0.2             
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2       
R1(config-subif)#ip add 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#interface f0/0.3            
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3
R1(config-subif)#ip add 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#exit
三个路由全都设置好后的情况,如果只设置了一个后SHOW,由于没有学习到别的路由的网段,不会出现一下信息。
R1#show ip route   
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       20.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0    C代表直连网段
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets     R代表动态路由,学习到的3个子网
                                      
R       40.0.1.0 [120/2] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet1/0 
R       40.0.2.0 [120/2] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet1/0
R       40.0.3.0 [120/2] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet1/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       10.0.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.2
C       10.0.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.3
C       10.0.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.1
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       30.0.0.0 [120/1] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet1/0   
  学到30网下一跳为20.0.0.2,[120/1]中120代表管理距离,越小路由的优先级别越高,0代表度量值
 
 
 
 
 
R2
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#interface f1/0              
R2(config-if)#no sh                       
R2(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip add 30.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       20.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       40.0.1.0 [120/1] via 30.0.0.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet1/0
R       40.0.2.0 [120/1] via 30.0.0.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet1/0
R       40.0.3.0 [120/1] via 30.0.0.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet1/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       10.0.2.0 [120/1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
R       10.0.3.0 [120/1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
R       10.0.1.0 [120/1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       30.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
 
 
 
R3
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3 (config-if)#no sh
R3 (config-if)#ip add
R3 (config-if)#ip add 30.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
R3 (config-if)#exit
R3 (config)#router rip
R3 (config-router)#version 2
R3 (config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R3 (config-router)#network 40.0.0.0
R3 (config-router)#no auto-summary
R3 (config-router)#exit
R3(config)#interface f1/0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#interface f1/0.1
R3(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1
R3(config-subif)#ip add 40.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#interface f1/0.2            
R3(config-subif)#ip add 40.0.2.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2       
R3(config-subif)#ip add 40.0.2.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#interface f1/0.3            
R3(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3       
R3(config-subif)#ip add 40.0.3.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#exit
R3(config)#exit
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       20.0.0.0 [120/1] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       40.0.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0.1
C       40.0.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0.2
C       40.0.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0.3
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       10.0.2.0 [120/2] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0
R       10.0.3.0 [120/2] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0
R       10.0.1.0 [120/2] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       30.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 
 
 
 
 
S1
S1#vlan database 
S1(vlan)#vlan 2    设置VLAN
VLAN 2 added:
    Name: VLAN0002
S1(vlan)#vlan 3
VLAN 3 added:
    Name: VLAN0003
S1(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
S1#conf t
S1(config)#interface range f0/5 - 8
S1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
S1(config-if-range)#interface range f0/9 - 14
S1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
S1(config-if-range)#exit
S1(config)#interface f0/15   设置Trunk
S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
 
S1#show vlan-s
 
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3
Fa0/4
2    VLAN0002                       active    Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7,Fa0/8
3   VLAN0003                 active    Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,Fa0/13, Fa0/14
1002 fddi-default                     active   
1003 token-ring-default               active   
1004 fddinet-default                  active   
1005 trnet-default                    active   
 
 
 
 
 
 
S2
S2#vlan database
S2(vlan)#vlan 2
VLAN 2 added:
    Name: VLAN0002
S2(vlan)#vlan 3
VLAN 3 added:
    Name: VLAN0003
S2(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
S2#conf t
S2(config)#interface range f0/5 - 8
S2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
S2(config-if-range)#interface range f0/9 - 14
S2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
S2(config-if-range)#exit
S2(config)#interface f0/15
S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:22:52.667: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/15 has become dot1q trunk
S2(config-if)#end
S2#sh
S2#show vlan-s
 
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                           active    Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3
                                                Fa0/4
2    VLAN0002                        active    Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
3    VLAN0003                      active    Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
1002 fddi-default                     active   
1003 token-ring-default               active   
1004 fddinet-default                  active   
1005 trnet-default                    active  
 
 
PC能相互PING通,实验成功。
 
这个实验要注意的是R1,R2只要设置一个IP地址,单臂路由端口不用设置IP[/img]..
2007-12-11 21:07:05
实验工具:在虚拟机中完成,7200路由1台,3640交换机1台,PC2台
 
实验目的:不同网段VLAN的PC能够PING通
 
单臂路由:通过子借口的设置,使连接在交换机上不同VLNA网段的PC能够相互连通
 
 

 
 
R
Router(config)#interface f0/0         
Router(config-if)#no sh           确保连接交换机的端口打开
Router(config-if)#exit    
Router(config)#interface f0/0.1     设置f0/0的子接口
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1   封装
Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0    设置子借口的IP
Router(config)#interface f0/0.2               
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2          
Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#ex
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.1     直连路由的子借口
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.2
 
 
 
 
S
S#vlan database            设置VLAN
S(vlan)#vlan 2
VLAN 2 added:
    Name: VLAN0002
S(vlan)#exit
Exiting....
S#conf  t  
S(config-if)#interface f0/2   把端口F0/2分到VLAN2
S(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
S(config-if)#exit
S(config)#interface f0/0   把F0/0设置成Trunk
S(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
S(config-if)#no sh
S(config-if)#exit
 
S#show interface f0/0 switchport      Trunk设置成功
Name: Fa0/0
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: Disabled
Access Mode VLAN: 0 ((Inactive))
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL
Trunking VLANs Active: 1-2
Priority for untagged frames: 0
Override vlan tag priority: FALSE
Voice VLAN: none
Appliance trust: none

 
两台机器能PING实验成功。[/img]..
2007-12-11 20:54:39
 
 

 
实验工具:模拟CISO3640交换机2台,PC6台
 
实验目的:设置Trunk后,同一VLAN的PC能PING通
 
VLAN:对网络用户逻辑分段,不受位置限制。也就是说同一VLAN可PING通,不同不能通。
 
Trunk(中继):用一条物理链路将一台交换机连接其他交换机或路由
 
 
 

 
 
S1
S1#vlan data
S1#vlan database
S1(vlan)#vlan 2   设置VLAN
VLAN 2 added:
    Name: VLAN0002
S1(vlan)#vlan 3
VLAN 3 added:
    Name: VLAN0003
S1(vlan)#exit
Exiting....
S1#conf t
S1(config)#interface range f0/5 – 8          把端口设置入VLAN
S1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2   VLAN1是默认的,可以把端口加入VLAN2
S1(config-if-range)#exit
S1(config)#interface range f0/9 - 14
S1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
S1(config-if-range)#exit
S1(config)#exit
S1#show
S1#show vlan
 
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports     发现端口全都加进去了
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                             active   Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3
                                                Fa0/4, Fa0/15
2    VLAN0002                         active    Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
3    VLAN0003                         active    Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14
1002 fddi-default                     active   
1003 token-ring-default               active   
1004 fddinet-default                  active   
1005 trnet-default                    active   
 
VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   1003
2    enet  100002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0  
3    enet  100003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0  
1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1      1003
1003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      1002
1004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0  
1005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0  
S1#conf t
S1(config)#interface f0/15            
S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk   把F015设置为Trunk
S1(config-if)#exit
S1(config)#exit
S1#show interface f0/15 switchport
Name: Fa0/15
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk           F0/15成为Trunk
Operational Mode: trunk             S2端口也已成为Trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q  为公用的IEEE802.1Q格式 
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: Disabled
Access Mode VLAN: 0 ((Inactive))
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL           Trunk可承载所有Vlan
Trunking VLANs Active: 1-3       
Priority for untagged frames: 0
Override vlan tag priority: FALSE
Voice VLAN: none
Appliance trust: none
                                                     
 
 
 
S2
S2(config)#exit
S2#v
*Mar  1 00:09:14.495: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S2#vlan data
S2(vlan)#vlan 2
VLAN 2 added:
    Name: VLAN0002
S2(vlan)#vlan 3
VLAN 3 added:
    Name: VLAN0003
S2(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
S2#conf t
S2(config)#interface range f0/5 - 8
S2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
S2(config-if-range)#exit
S2(config)#interface range f0/9 - 14
S2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
S2(config-if-range)#exit
S2(config)#interface f0/15         
S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk       由于设置的是企望模式,这里可设,也可不设
*Mar  1 00:12:52.079: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/15 has become dot1q trunk
 

 
设置PC的IP后,同一VLAN能通,不同VLAN不能通,实验成功
 
 
 
 
如果想让主机6和3不通信,也可是删除一端口的VLAN(如图)
S2(config)#interface f0/15
S2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 3        移除VLAN3
S2(config-if)#exit
S2(config)#exit
S2#show interface f0/15 switchport
Name: Fa0/15
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: Disabled
Access Mode VLAN: 0 ((Inactive))
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking VLANs Enabled: 1,2,4-1005    Trunk已经移除VLAN3
Trunking VLANs Active: 1-2            Trunk只能承载VLAN1--2
Priority for untagged frames: 0
Override vlan tag priority: FALSE
Voice VLAN: none
Appliance trust: none
 
 
 

 
删除VLAN3后无法PING通
 
如想恢复用switchport trunk allowed vlan add 3,不多做演示。[/img]..
实验工具:在模拟器中完成CISCO7200路由三台,PC2台
实验目的:PC1能PING同PC2
 
静态路由:由于需要管理员手动设置,除非管理员干预,静态路由不会发生变化。所以只适用与小型固定的拓扑结构

默认路由:设置默认路由能提高网络性能,一般用于末梢网络,也就是只有一个唯一的路径能够达到的网络。
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                         
 

R1
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0      设置IP
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface f1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2   设置静态地址
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
Router (config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2           默认路由设置
Router (config)#exit
Router #show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0     默认路由
 
S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2               静态路由
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S    192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2               静态路由
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2                  
 
 
  
 
R2
Router>
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip add
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0    
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface f1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1   
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
Router(config)#exit
Router #show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2
S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
 
 
 
  
 
R3
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0   
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface f1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
Router (config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
Router #show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
 
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
 
 
 
检验

 
 
 
PC2能Ping通PC1证明实验成功。[/img]..